Long Living Mammals
Bats are the only mammals that can fly a great distance, but they have another ability. Many bats live a very long time for an animal their size. European researchers are studying bats to understand why they live so long. They hope to make discoveries aimed at fighting the aging process in human beings.
Last week, the group of scientists said they had identified important biological qualities in some bat species.
The group studied bat chromosomes, a line of genes found in the nucleus of cells. The scientists were most interested in structures connected to the ends of the chromosomes. They are called telomeres.
translation
sentence:
蝙蝠是唯一一种可以长距离飞行的哺乳动物,但是它们有另一种能力。许多蝙蝠对它们这种体型的动物来说寿命很长。欧洲研究人员正在研究蝙蝠为什么可以活这么久。他们希望做出旨在对抗人类衰老过程的发现。
上周,这群科学家说他们已经发现了一些蝙蝠物种中的重要生物特性。
这群科学家研究了蝙蝠染色体,这是细胞核中发现的一系列基因。科学家们对连接染色体末端的结构最感兴趣,这一结构被称之为端粒。
phrase:
aimed at -> 针对,以……为目标
aging process -> 衰老过程;老化过程;陈化
biological qualities -> 生物特性
a line of -> 一系列
word:
mammal [ 复数 mammals ]英 [ˈmæm(ə)l]美 [ˈmæm(ə)l]
n. 哺乳动物
age ( aging, aged, ages )英 [eɪdʒ]美 [eɪdʒ]
n. 年龄,年纪;寿命,(物的)年代;法定年龄;时代,时期;年龄段;<非正式>很长时间;成长,年老,陈年;(地质)代
v. 变老,老化;(使)显老,(使)苍老;(使)变陈,(使)成熟;<英>推算年龄
biological [ 复数 biologicals ]英 [ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l]美 [ˌbaɪəˈlɑːdʒɪk(ə)l]
adj. 生物的,生物学的,生命的;亲生的;含酶的;生化武器的
chromosome [ 复数 chromosomes ]英 [ˈkrəʊməsəʊm]美 [ˈkroʊməsoʊm]
n. 染色体
gene [ 复数 genes ]英 [dʒiːn]美 [dʒiːn]
n. 基因,遗传因子
nucleus [ 复数 nuclei或nucleuses ]英 [ˈnjuːkliəs]美 [ˈnuːkliəs]
n. 原子核;细胞核;核心,中心;神经核;(彗星的)核
structure ( structuring, structured, structures )英 [ˈstrʌktʃə(r)]美 [ˈstrʌktʃər]
n. 结构,构造;结构体,(尤指)大型建筑物;周密安排,精心组织;机构,组织,体系
v. 计划,组织,安排
telomere英 [ˈteləmɪə]美 [ˈteləˌmɪr; ˈtiləˌmɪr]
n. [遗] 端粒
Telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes, which shorten each time a cell divides. Scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to break down. They say this is what causes aging.
A report on bats was published this month in the journal Science Advances.
Among the leaders of the study was Emma Teeling, a biologist with University College Dublin in Ireland.
Teeling said studying long-living mammals that have developed ways to fight aging "is an alternative way to identify the molecular basis of extended 'health spans.'"
translation
sentence:
端粒会保护染色体的末端。端粒在每次细胞分裂时都会缩短。科学家们认为这种缩短的过程会导致细胞分解。他们说这是造成衰老的原因。
一篇关于蝙蝠的报告本月发表在《科学进展》杂志上。
爱尔兰都柏林大学生物学家艾玛·泰林是该研究的主要负责人之一。
泰林表示,研究长寿哺乳动物已经开发出了多种抗衰老的方法,这是“另一种找出长寿的分子基础的办法。”
words:
shorten ( shortening, shortened, shortens )英 [ˈʃɔːt(ə)n]美 [ˈʃɔːrt(ə)n]
vt. 缩短;减少;变短
vi. 缩短;变短
journal英 [ˈdʒɜːn(ə)l]美 [ˈdʒɜːrn(ə)l]
n. 杂志,期刊,报纸;日记,日志;(会计)日记账
among英 [əˈmʌŋ]美 [əˈmʌŋ]
prep. 在……当中,周围是;与……在一起;……之一;在……群体中;为……所共有;彼此间;以及
molecular英 [məˈlekjələ(r)]美 [məˈlekjələr]
adj. 分子的,与分子有关的
She added that studying bats enables scientists to learn more about the processes "that drive healthy aging."
The European researchers studied 493 bats from four bat species. The group used information that had been gathered over more than 60 years.
Of these animals, the greater mouse-eared bat generally lived the longest, an average of 37 years.
The scientists said this and a related species, which are grouped together under the name Myotis, had telomeres that did not shorten with age.
Another Myotis bat holds the record for oldest age, reaching 41 years.
translation
sentence:
她补充说,研究蝙蝠使得科学家们能够更多地了解“推动健康老化”的过程。
这些欧洲研究人员研究了4种蝙蝠物种的493只蝙蝠,他们使用了60多年来收集到的信息。
在这些动物中,大鼠耳蝠通常很长寿,平均可以活37岁。
科学家们表示,这种蝙蝠以及相关物种都属于鼠耳蝠属,它们的端粒不会随着年龄而缩短。
另一种鼠耳蝠属的蝙蝠保持了活到41岁的最长寿记录。
phrase:
healthy aging -> 健康老龄化:指通过积极的生活方式和健康管理,延缓衰老过程并保持身体和心理的健康状态。
greater mouse-eared bat -> 大鼠耳蝠
holds the record for -> 保持……的纪录:指在某个领域或某项活动中保持最高的成绩或最长的时间记录。
word:
myotis英 [maɪˈəʊtɪs]
n. 鼠耳蝙蝠属;鼠耳蝠属;鼠耳蝠
The scientists' findings suggest that these bats' cells have the ability to maintain and repair their telomeres. This, they said, helps guard against the aging process.
Based on its body size, a bat like the greater mouse-eared bat would be expected to live four years. But, these mammals have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that.
The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered. Eighteen of these are bats. The only exception is an unusual African rodent, the naked mole rat.
translation
sentence:
科学家们的研究结果表明,这些蝙蝠的细胞拥有维持和修复它们的端粒的能力。科学家们表示这有助于防止衰老。
根据其体型大小,像大鼠耳蝠这样的蝙蝠原本预期可以活4年。但是人们发现这些哺乳动物的寿命比那要长近十倍。
科学家们发现,当考虑到体型大小因素,只有19种哺乳动物物种比人类更长寿,其中18种是蝙蝠。唯一例外是一种不常见的非洲啮齿动物裸鼹鼠。
phrase:
findings suggest -> 研究结果表明
guard against -> 防范、预防某事发生
be found to -> 被发现
only exception -> 唯一的例外:指在某种情况下,除了某个特定的事物或人之外,其他所有事物或人都符合某种规则或情况。
naked mole rat -> 裸鼢鼠;裸滨鼠
word:
guard ( guarding, guarded, guards )英 [ɡɑːd]美 [ɡɑːrd]
n. 卫兵,警卫;看守,保卫,警戒;列车长;保护装置;(英国的)禁卫军;(篮球)后卫;(拳击运动员的)防御姿势
v. 守卫,保卫;看守,监视;警惕,防范;保护,维护
African [ 复数 Africans ]英 [ˈæfrɪkən]美 [ˈæfrɪkən]
adj. (与)非洲(有关)的;非洲人的
n. 非洲人(尤指黑人);非洲黑人后裔
rodent [ 复数 rodents ]英 [ˈrəʊd(ə)nt]美 [ˈroʊd(ə)nt]
n. 啮齿目动物(如老鼠等)
adj. (与)啮齿动物(有关)的
naked英 [ˈneɪkɪd]美 [ˈneɪkɪd]
adj. 裸露的,无遮盖的;肉眼的;裸体的,不穿衣服的;露骨的,明显的;缺乏保护的,无力自卫的;(动物)没有皮毛的,没有羽毛的;公然的
mole [ 复数 moles ]英 [məʊl]美 [moʊl]
n. 鼹鼠;间谍,内奸;痣;(医)胎块,肿瘤;墨西哥辣酱;防波堤,海堤港;(化)摩尔