Why Do Bruises Change Color ?
That hurt. That's going to be black and blue.
Which raises a question...why does a black eye turn blue? and then green, and then yellow and then brown, finally, before it disappears?
It's all because of your hemoglobin; the compound in red blood cells that brings oxygen to your body.
When you get hit, the blow crushes tiny blood vessels called capillaries.
Red blood cells ooze out of the broken capillaries into the surrounding tissue.
From the outside of your skin, this mass of cells looks bluish-black, which is where we get the term, "black and blue".
Once out of the capillaries, the red blood cells no longer function, so other cells, called phagocytes, move in to mop up the debris.
They engulf the red blood cells and start to break them down.
First, the phagocytes break down the hemoglobin into biliverdin, a kind of bile; this turns the bruise green.
Then, the phagocytes break down the biliverdin into bilirubin, which is yellowish.
Bilirubin is waste we excrete and gives urine its yellow color.
Finally, the phagocytes break down the bilirubin into hemosiderin, which is basically the iron that was in the hemoglobin.
It's brownish and is slowly absorbed into the body.
The whole colorful process can typically take two weeks and sometimes the bruise moves downward, just because gravity is pulling the debris in that direction.
So, next time you're showing off your nasty bruise or black eye and somebody says, "Ew, it's turning green!"
You can just say, "Hey, it's my hemoglobin...well, it used to be my hemoglobin."
translation
sentence:
疼啊。那将会是青一块紫一块的。
这就提出了一个问题…为什么黑眼睛会变蓝?然后是绿色，然后是黄色，最后是棕色，直到它消失?
这都是因为你的血红蛋白;红细胞中的一种化合物，能给你的身体带来氧气。
当你被击中时，这种打击会粉碎被称为毛细血管的微小血管。
红细胞从破裂的毛细血管中渗出，进入周围的组织。
从皮肤的外部看，这团细胞看起来是蓝黑色的，这就是我们术语“黑和蓝”的来源。
一旦离开毛细血管，红细胞就不再发挥作用，所以其他细胞，称为吞噬细胞，会进入清除碎片。
它们吞噬红细胞并开始分解它们。
首先，吞噬细胞将血红蛋白分解成胆绿素，一种胆汁;这会把瘀伤变成绿色。
然后，吞噬细胞将胆绿素分解成黄色的胆红素。
胆红素是我们排泄的废物，使尿液呈黄色。
最后，吞噬细胞将胆红素分解成含铁血黄素，含铁血黄素基本上是血红蛋白中的铁。
它呈褐色，慢慢被人体吸收。
整个彩色的过程通常需要两周时间，有时瘀伤会向下移动，只是因为重力将碎片拉向那个方向。
所以，下次当你炫耀你的瘀伤或黑眼圈时，有人会说:“哎呀，它变绿了!”
你可以说，“嘿，这是我的血红蛋白……它曾经是我的血红蛋白。”
words
[
{
"name": "bruise",
"trans": [
"n. 青瘀，伤痕；（水果或蔬菜的）碰伤",
"v. 打击，挫伤；压碎，碾碎；使青肿，使出现伤痕；碰伤（水果）"
],
"usphone": "'bruːz'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "raise",
"trans": [
"v. 提升；增加；培养；举起",
"n. 加薪；工资增长"
],
"usphone": "'reɪz'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "hemoglobin",
"trans": [
"n. 【生化】血红素；血红蛋白"
],
"usphone": "'ˈhiməˌɡloʊbɪn'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "compound",
"trans": [
"n. 混合物，化合物；复合词；大院，有围墙的场地",
"adj. 复合的，混合的；以复利计算的",
"v. 使加重，使恶化；合成，混合；以复利计算支付；和解，私了"
],
"usphone": "'ˈkɑːmpaʊnd'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "blow",
"trans": [
"v. 吹；刮；吹动；吹奏（哨子、乐器等）",
"n. （用手、武器等的）猛击；打击；挫折；吹"
],
"usphone": "'bloʊ'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "vessel",
"trans": [
"n. 船，舰；（人或动物的）血管，（植物的）导管；（盛液体用的）容器，器皿；（有某种特质或用途的）人"
],
"usphone": "'ˈves(ə)l'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "capillary",
"trans": [
"n. 毛细血管；毛细管",
"adj. （与）毛细（血）管（或毛细作用）（有关）的；表面张力的"
],
"usphone": "'ˈkæpəleri'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "ooze",
"trans": [
"vt. 渗出；泄漏",
"vi. 渗出；泄漏",
"n. [地质] 软泥"
],
"usphone": "'uːz'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "tissue",
"trans": [
"n. 纸巾，面巾纸；（动物或植物的细胞）组织；（用于包装易碎物品的）薄纸，绵纸；薄纱，薄织物；（罗织编造的）一套，一系列",
"v. 用化妆纸揩去；饰以薄纱"
],
"usphone": "'ˈtɪʃuː'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "bluish",
"trans": [
"adj. 带蓝色的；有点蓝的"
],
"usphone": "'ˈbluːɪʃ'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "term",
"trans": [
"n. 术语；期限；任期；词语",
"v. 把…称为；把…叫做"
],
"usphone": "'tɜːrm'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "phagocyte",
"trans": [
"n. [生理学](吞)噬细胞；白血球"
],
"usphone": "'ˈfæɡəsaɪt'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "mop up",
"trans": [
"na. 揩干；吸取(利润等)；痛击；〈口〉狼吞虎咽地吃[喝]",
"网络 擦去；扫荡；作扫尾工作"
],
"usphone": "''",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "debris",
"trans": [
"n. 残骸，碎片"
],
"usphone": "'dəˈbriː'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "engulf",
"trans": [
"v. 吞没，淹没；使陷入（某种思绪或情绪）；狼吞虎咽"
],
"usphone": "'ɪnˈɡʌlf'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "break down",
"trans": [
"v. 分解；抛锚；分析；划分",
"网络 损坏；出故障；瓦解"
],
"usphone": "''",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "biliverdin",
"trans": [
"n. 胆绿；[生化][脊椎] 胆绿素"
],
"usphone": "'bɪ'lɪvədɪn'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "bile",
"trans": [
"n. 胆汁；愤怒"
],
"usphone": "'baɪl'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "bilirubin",
"trans": [
"n. [生化] 胆红素"
],
"usphone": "'ˌbɪlɪˈruːbɪn'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "yellowish",
"trans": [
"adj. 微黄色的，淡黄色的"
],
"usphone": "'ˈjeloʊɪʃ'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "excrete",
"trans": [
"vt. 排泄；分泌"
],
"usphone": "'ɪkˈskriːt'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "urine",
"trans": [
"n. 尿液，小便"
],
"usphone": "'ˈjʊrɪn'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "hemosiderin",
"trans": [
"n. 血铁质；[生化] 血铁黄素"
],
"usphone": "'ˌhiːmoʊˈsɪdərɪn'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "gravity",
"trans": [
"n. 重力，地心引力；严重性；严肃，庄严；重（量）"
],
"usphone": "'ˈɡrævəti'",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "show off",
"trans": [
"na. 卖弄；陈列；使显眼",
"网络 炫耀；显耀；炫燿卖弄"
],
"usphone": "''",
"ukphone": "''"
},
{
"name": "nasty",
"trans": [
"adj. 极差的；令人厌恶的；令人不悦的；不友好的",
"n. 〈口〉恐怖电影；讨厌的人[事物]"
],
"usphone": "'ˈnæsti'",
"ukphone": "''"
}
]